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author | John Ankarström <john@ankarstrom.se> | 2021-06-23 02:24:30 +0200 |
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committer | John Ankarström <john@ankarstrom.se> | 2021-06-23 02:25:04 +0200 |
commit | 790c9a5630256078d9c58b7313986723a70edb8d (patch) | |
tree | 79fb3c64991464c7457bde7ac47df02379384b07 /example.t | |
parent | db0af0983ae6aacd495c389015c9df5f48e2092a (diff) | |
download | mk-790c9a5630256078d9c58b7313986723a70edb8d.tar.gz |
Rename example.t to README.t
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diff --git a/example.t b/example.t deleted file mode 100644 index 7e6e6f9..0000000 --- a/example.t +++ /dev/null @@ -1,786 +0,0 @@ -.so g.tmac -.so toc/toc.tmac -. -.\" configure header and footer -.eo -.de @h -. sp |36p -. if \n%>1 .tl ''-%-'' -. sp |1i -.. -. -.de @f -. sp |\n(.pu-48p -. tl ''\*(#e'' -.. -.ec -. -.\" define macros -.eo -.de he -. h -\$* -. te .the \n% \$* -.. -. -.de se -. s -\$* -. te .the \n% \\h'18p'\$* -.. -. -.de the -. nr _ \$1 -. shift -. ta 0 \n(.luR -. tc . -\$* \n_ -. tc -. br -.. -. -.de n -. if !'\$1'' \{\ -. nr ni \$1-1 -. af ni 0 -. if !'\$2'' .af ni \$2 -. ds n. . -. if !'\$3'' .ds n. \$3 -. \} -. nr ni +1 -. br -. @e n -. ti \n(tiu -\n(ni\*(n. \c -.. -.ec -. -.\" configure environments -.@e l -. fam M -. vs +1p -.@e n -. @c p -. nr sq \n(sp -. nr sp 0 -. ta 3n +3n +3n +3n -.@e -. -.\" start document -.t -.x Mg , -a simple macro package for troff -.d -John Ankarstr\(:om -.d e -. -.s -.ft I -.tl ''TABLE OF CONTENTS'' -.ft -.sp 4p -.@e -.to -.sp 0.5i -.ns -. -.he Introduction -.p -.i Mg -is a simple macro package for troff with the following features: -.n 1 -It is designed to be easy to understand and to customize -by editing the source code. -.n -It makes use of the extended support for environments -offered by many modern troff implementations. -.n -It is designed to be practically easy to use. -Macros are consistently one letter long and written in lowercase. -.p -While -.i mg -does provide macros for many common tasks, -including footnotes, -it is at the end of the day an idiosyncratic macro package, -written to serve the author's personal needs. -Users of -.i mg -are encouraged to -.n 1 a ) -modify the source code -according to their own needs, as well as -.n -use built-in troff requests for some things -that other packages might provide custom macros for. -.p -All in all, -.i mg -aspires to abstract as little as possible -from the underlying troff requests and registers. -In its author's humble opinion, -it is the ideal macro package for learning troff. -.p -In this document, the fundamental concepts of -.i mg -are explained. -The document itself also serves as a demonstration of -.i mg . -With a couple of exceptions, it uses -.i mg 's -default settings. -The reader is encouraged to inspect the document's source code -in order to see how the macro package is used in practice. -. -. -.he Environments -.te .nr &env \n% -.p -.i Mg -makes heavy use of named environments, -supported by implementations such as GNU troff and Neatroff. -Environments obliviate the need for many special registers -that a macro package (and its user) would otherwise need to keep track of. -For example, -.i ms -keeps track of the document's font size in the -.c PS -register. -For the font size of headings, -it has yet another register. -.i Mg -has no such registers. -If the user wishes to modify the default font size, -he or she can simply switch to the relevant environment -and set the font size as desired -using regular troff requests: -.l -\&.\\" set heading font -\&.h -\&.fam H -\&.ps +1p -.p -Troff saves the font settings in the environment, -so that the next time the environment is invoked, -the desired font family and point size are automatically restored. -.p -The environments are initialized -as soon as the first -.q block-level -macro is called. -At the initialization of each environment, -the default environment (0) is copied, -meaning that all environment-relevant settings -defined before the first macro call -are applied to all -.i mg -environments. -It is thus remarkably simple and intuitive to set, -for example, the default font of a document: -.l -\&.fam N -\&.t -Document title -\&.p -First paragraph. -.p -In addition to the normal environment-relevant settings, -.i mg -manually associates a few special registers with the current environment: -.n 1 -.c sp , -the amount of vertical space to add before an environment -.n -.c sq , -the amount of vertical space to add before a different type of environment -.n -.c ti , -the indentation of the first line in some environments -(currently only -.c p ) -.p -These can be set inside a given environment -to control its behavior when invoked. -The only exception are the margin and footnote environments -.c @m , ( -.c @f ), -which are treated specially -and do not support these registers. -. -. -.he External macros -.p -.i Mg -defines a number of macros. -Some of them are used internally by -.i mg -itself; -these carry an at -.c @ ) ( -prefix -and are going to be explored later. -For now, we will focus on the external macros provided by -.i mg . -.se Inline macros -.p -There is a group of macros that provide -convenient inline formatting. -All take three arguments: -the text to be formatted, -the text to be placed immediately after -and the text to be placed immediately before. -The inline macros are the following: -.n 1 -.c b , -bold font -.n -.c c , -constant-width font -.n -.c i , -italic font -.n -.c i , -bold italic font -.p -For example, the following request outputs -.i mg .\(rq: \(lq -.l -\&.i mg . -. -.p -Note that -.c c -uses the font family and point size -set in the -.c l -environment (see below). -.se Block-level macros -.p -There is a large group of macros that provide -block-level formatting: -.n 1 -.c d , -centered date or text -.n -.c h , -heading -.n -.c l , -literal display (for source code) -.n -.c p , -paragraph -.n -.c s , -subheading -.n -.c t , -centered title -.p -The -.c t -and -.c d -macros can be used at the beginning of a document -to create a centered header: -.l -\&.t -Document title -\&.d -First author -\&.br -Second author -\&.d i \\" current date formatted as YYYY-MM-DD -.p -In the example above, you can see that the -.c d -macro may be used for other things than just dates. -This works because -.c d -displays the date only if given -an argument describing the desired date format: -.n 1 a ) -.c i : -international date, like -.q 2021-06-21 -.n -.c e : -English date, like -.q "21 June 2021" -.p -The formatted dates are defined in strings prefixed with a hash symbol -.c # ): ( -.c #i -and -.c #e -are provided by default, -but more may be added by the user. -. -.se Other macros -.p -Finally, there are a few macros -that belong to neither category: -.n 1 -.ne 2 -.c ( , -begin footnote -.n -.c ) , -end footnote -.n -.ne 2 -.c q , -quotation -.n -.c w , -want space -.p -The macros -.c ( -and -.c ) -create footnotes, -placing a numerical reference at the place of their invocation. -Both -.c ( -and -.c ) -take an optional argument, -which is output either immediately before or immediately after -the inline reference. -For example, the following code -.l -\&.q -This is a quotation\\c -\&.( -.ne 1 -This is a footnote. -\&.) . -.p -creates the following reference: -.q -This is a quotation\c -.( -This is a footnote. -.) . -.p -If -.c ( -and -.c ) -are called at such a position that the collected footnotes -cannot fit on the current page, -.i mg -will print the footnotes on the next page instead. -.p -The -.c q -behaves like an inline macro by default, -surrounding text in quotation marks, -but if no arguments are given to it, -it starts an indented block quotation instead: -.l -.ne 2 -\&.q -This is an indented quotation. -\&.p -This is an inline -\&.q quotation . -.p -The -.c w -macro is an alternative to troff's -.c ne -request, -which ensures that a given amount of space is available on the page -\(en otherwise, a line break is issued \(en -but unlike -.c ne , -which takes an exact amount of space as its argument, -.c w -takes a declarative specification -describing the amount of desired space -in terms of -.i mg -environments. -For example: -.l -\&.\\" want space for... -\&.w s p \\" a subheading of one line + a paragraph of one line -\&.w s pp \\" a subheading of one line + a paragraph of two lines -\&.w ss p \\" a subheading of two lines + a paragraph of one line -. -. -.he Internal macros -.p -.i Mg 's -internal macros are generally not meant to be used outside of -.i g.tmac . -Documented in this section are the exceptions to this rule. -For examples of how these macros are used in practice, -see the FAQ section on page \n[&faq]. -. -.se Page header and footer -.p -The -.c @h , -.c @f , -.c @th -and -.c @tf -macros control the page header and footer. -.p -At document initialization, -.i mg -automatically creates traps for -.c @th -and -.c @tf . -When sprung, -.c @th -and -.c @tf -call -.c @h -and -.c @t , -which control the text and spacing of the header and footer. -.p -.i Mg -will avoid creating a trap for -.c @tf -if any trap has already been set before document initialization. -This means that users can override the position of the -.c @tf -trap by setting it themselves. -Likewise, users can redefine -.c @h -and -.c @f -to change the content of the header and footer. -. -.se Environments -.p -The environment-related macros -.c (e , -.c @e -and -.c @c -may be used in advanced documents to define custom environments. -.p -At the present, -.c (e -is nothing more than a wrapper around troff's built-in -.c ev , -but it may eventually be redefined in order to offer -compatibility with implementations of troff -without support for named environments. -.p -.c @e -and -.c @c -are equivalent to troff's -.c ev -and -.c evc , -but perform some extra work to keep track of -.i mg 's -special environment variables -(see -.i Environments , -p. \n[&env]). -. -. -.he Frequently anticipated questions -.te .nr &faq \n% -. -.se How do I customize the default appearance of a document? -.p -All environment settings, -like point size, font family and indentation\c -.( -For a complete list of settings that are associated with the environment, -see 5.26\~\c -.i Environments -in the full GNU troff manual -.nh -.c "info '(groff.\:info)Environments'" ). ( -.hy -.) , -are configured with the standard troff requests. -If you set the point size at the beginning of the document, -before any -.i mg -macros have been called, -it will be correctly set for the entire document. -This works because -.i mg 's -environments initially copy all their settings from 0, -the default environment. -.p -For example, if you wanted to write a document -with the New Century Schoolbook font -at 9 points -and a vertical spacing of 12 points, -you would start the document like this -(before you call any -.i mg -macros): -.l -\&.fam N -\&.ps 9p -\&.vs 12p -. -.se How do I customize the default appearance of a given environment? -.p -To configure the layout and font settings of a specific environment, -you can switch to that environment and use the relevant troff requests: -.l -.ne 1 -\&.q -\&.ps +1p -.p -If you are merely configuring the environment -without printing anything in it, -you can also use the -.c @e -macro: -.l -\&.@e q -\&.ps +1p -. -.w s ll -.se How do I customize the default appearance of the margin text? -.l -\&.(e @m \\" margin environment -\&.ps +1p -.p -You can also set such settings in your redefinition of -.c @h -or -.c @f . -. -.w s ll -.se How do I customize the default appearance of footnotes? -.l -\&.(e @f \\" footnote environment -\&.ps +1p -. -.w s ll -.se How do I redefine the page header? -.l -\&.de @h -\&. \\" set position of header text -\&. sp |36p -\&. \\" set header text -\&. tl 'left'center'right' -\&. \\" set position of page text -\&. sp |1i -\&.. -. -.w s ll -.se How do I redefine the page footer? -.l -\&.\\" set position of footer trap -\&.\\" (must be done before any macros have been called) -\&.wh -1i @tf -\&. -\&.de @f -\&. \\" set position of footer text -\&. \\" (must be below the footer trap) -\&. sp |\\\\n(.pu-48p -\&. tl 'left'center'right' -\&.. -. -.se How do I prevent a section from being broken up by a page break? -.p -Some macro packages have a concept of -.q keeps , -sections that are kept together across page breaks. -.i Mg -does not define any such macros by default. -The simplest way to achieve the same is to use troff's -.c ne -request: -.l -\&.ne 7 \\" break page if seven lines won't fit on this page -\&.\\" ... some text ... -.p -If you want to keep text of various styles together, -you can use -.i mg 's -own -.c w -macro: -.l -\&.w s qq \\" break page if a subheading and two lines of a quotation won't fit -\&.\\" ... some text ... -.ig -.p -For a more general solution, you can use a diversion: -.l -\&.di keep -\&.\\" ... some text ... -\&.br -\&.di -\&.ne \\n(dnu -\&.keep -.. -. -.se How do I define my own environments? -.p -Environments are a feature built into troff, -accessed via the -.c ev -request, but because -.i mg -extends environments with additional functionality, -it provides special macros to be used instead of -.c ev : -.n 1 -.c (e , -set environment (same as -.c ev ) -.n -.c @e , -set extended environment -.n -.c @c , -copy environment (same as -.c evc ) -.p -The -.c @e -macro -can be used to activate any environment that supports -.i mg 's -extensions (see -.i Environments , -p. \n[&env]). -The following code configures an environment called -.c n -and defines a corresponding macro: -.l -\&.@e n -\&. @c 0 \\" copy default environment -\&. ps -1p -\&.@e -\&. -\&.de n -\&. br \\" finish current environment -.ne 1 -\&. @e n \\" activate new environment -\&.. -. -.se How do I include a table of contents in my document? -.p -Included with the -.i mg -distribution is a package called -.i toc , -which includes the following files: -.n 1 -.i toc.tmac , -which provides the -.c te -and -.c to -macros -.n -.i toc , -a script that invokes troff in three passes -in order to allow a table of contents to be generated -.n -.i gtoc , -an alias of -.i toc -that invokes groff instead of troff -.p -Use -.c te -to register a line to be inserted into the table of contents. -Use -.c to -to insert the table of contents. -Note that the argument given to -.c te -will be interpreted as a troff input line. -.p -The following definitions provide a good basis: -.l -\&.eo -\&.de he -\&. h -\\$* -\&. tm .the \\n% \\$* -\&.. -\&.de the -\&. nr _ \\$1 -\&. shift -\&. ta 0 \\n(.luR -\&. tc . -\\$* \\n_ -\&. tc -\&. br -\&.. -\&.ec -.p -Now, instead of -.c h , -you may use -.c he -to create a heading to be included in the table of contents: -.l -\&.he A heading -.p -Wherever you want the table of contents to be inserted, -you may simply invoke -.c to . -.p -Just remember to run -.c toc /\c -.c gtoc -instead of -.c troff /\c -.c groff : -.l -gtoc -Tps example.t > example.ps -.p -Thanks to the multiple passes performed by -.i toc , -.c to -can be invoked at any place in the document, -including the beginning. -The macros listed above are the ones used to generate -the table of contents of this document. -.p -Note that you can invoke a custom program instead of troff -by setting the -.i TROFF -environment variable. -This may be useful if you need to combine -.i toc -with certain troff post-pocessors. -. -.se How do I create a reference to a later page? -.p -Use the macros provided by -.i toc.tmac -in combination with the -.i toc -program. -Near the beginning of your document, invoke -.c to . -Then, at each position you want to reference, -invoke -.c .te -like this: -.l -\&.te .nr &refname \n% -.p -To refer to that position, interpolate the register: -.l -See page \\n[&refname]. -.p -(I prefer prefixing my references with an ampersand.) |